脳腫瘍
脳腫瘍は，脳実質由来のものだけでなく，頭蓋骨及び頭蓋骨内より発生したすべての腫瘍群をいう． 2007年に改訂された中枢神経系腫瘍のWHO分類（Louis DN, et al(eds): WHO classification of tumours of the central nervous system. 4th edn, IARC, WHO press, Lyon, 2007）を示す（表１）．この表から分かるように、脳腫瘍には非常に多くの種類がある．このうち，比較的頻度の高い腫瘍について概説する．なおPituitary adenoma（下垂体腺腫）は，この中枢神経系腫瘍のWHO分類には含まれないが，臨床上，脳腫瘍の一つとして扱われ，本腫瘍についても記載する．
記事のある病名一覧
表１ 中枢神経系腫瘍のWHO分類
TUMOURS OF NEUROEPITHELIAL TISSUE
Astrocytic tumours
- Pilocytic astrocytoma（毛様細胞性星細胞腫）
- Pilomyoid astrocytoma
- Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
- Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
- Diffuse astrocytoma（びまん性星細胞腫）
- Fibrillary astrocytoma
- Gemistocytic astrocytoma
- Protoplasmic astrocytoma
- Anaplastic astrocytoma（退形成性星細胞腫）
- Glioblastoma（膠芽腫）
- Giant cell glioblastoma
- Gliosarcoma
- Gliomatosis cerebri
Oligodendroglial tumours
- Oligodendroglioma（乏突起膠腫）
- Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma
Oligoastrocytic tumours
- Oligoastrocytoma
- Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma
Ependymal tumours
- Subependymoma
- Myxopapillary ependymoma
- Ependymoma（上衣腫）
- Cellular
- Papillary
- Clear cell
- Tanycytic
- Anaplastic ependymoma
Choroid plexus tumours
- Choroid plexus papilloma
- Atypical choroid plexus papilloma
- Chroid plexus carcinoma
Other neuroepithelial tumours
- Astroblastoma
- Chordoid glioma of the third ventricle
- Angiocentric glioma
Neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumours
- Dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum (Lhermitte-Duclos)
- Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma/ganglioglioma
- Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumour
- Gangliocytoma
- Ganglioglioma
- Anaplastic ganglioglioma
- Central neurocytoma
- Extraventricular neurocytoma
- Cerebellar liponeurocytoma
- Papillary glioneuronal tumour
- Rosette-forming glioneuronal tumour of the fourth ventricle
- Paraganglioma
Tumours of the pineal region
- Pineocytoma
- Pineal parenchymal tumour of intermediate differentiation
- Pineoblastoma
- Papillary tumour of the pineal region
Embryonal tumours
- Medulloblastoma（髄芽腫）
- Desmoplastic/nodular medulloblastoma
- Medulloblastoma with extensive nodularity
- Anaplastic medulloblastoma
- Large cell mdulloblastoma
- CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumour
- CNS neuroblastoma
- CNS ganglioneuroblastoma
- Medulloepithelioma
- Ependymoblastoma
- Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumour
TUMOURS OF CRANIAL AND PARASPINAL NERVES
- Schwannoma（神経鞘腫）
- Cellular
- Plexiform
- Melanotic
- Neurofibroma
- Plexiform
- Perineurioma
- Perineurioma, NOS
- Malignant perineurioma
- Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumour (MPNST)
- Epithelioid MPNST
- MPNST with mesenchymal differentiation
- Melanotic MPNST
- MPNST with glandular differentiation
TUMOURS OF THE MENINGES
Tumours of meningothelial cells
- Meningioma（髄膜腫）
- Meningothelial
- Fibrous (fibroblastic)
- Transitional (mixed)
- Psammomatous
- Angiomatous
- Microcystic
- Secretary
- Lymphoplasmacyte-rich
- Metaplastic
- Chordoid
- Clear cell
- Atypical
- Papillary
- Rhabdoid
- Anaplastic (malignant)
Mesenchymal tumours
- Lipoma
- Angiolipoma
- Hibernoma
- Liposarcoma
- Solitary fibrous tumour
- Fibrosarcoma
- Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
- Leiomyoma
- Leiomyosarcoma
- Rhabdomyoma
- Rhabdomyosarcoma
- Chondroma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Osteochondroma
- Haemangioma
- Epithelioid haemangioendothelioma
Haemangiopericytoma
- Anaplastic haemangiopericytoma
- Angiosarcoma
- Kaposi sarcoma
- Ewing sarcoma-PNET
Primary melanocytic lesions
- Diffuse melanocytosis
- Melanocytoma
- Malignant melanoma
- Meningeal melanomatosis
Other neoplasms related to the meninges
LYMPHOMAS AND HAEMATOPOIETIC NEOPLASMS
- Malignant lymphomas（悪性リンパ腫）
- Plasmacytoma
- Granulocytic sarcoma
GERM CELL TUMOURS
- Germinoma（胚細胞腫）
- Embryonal carcinoma
- Yolk sac tumour
- Choriocarcinoma
- Teratoma
- Mature
- Immature
- Teratoma with malignant transformation
- Mixed germ cell tumour
TUMOURS OF THE SELLAR REGION
- Craniopharyngioma（頭蓋咽頭腫）
- Adamantinomatous
- Papillary
- Granular cell tumour
- Pituicytoma
- Spindle cell oncocytoma of the adenohypophysis